Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a serious bacterial infectious disease. From the ninth week of life, it is possible to vaccinate against the causative agent of tetanus, Clostridium tetani.
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The disease can be transmitted via an entry point, usually minor injuries caused by splinters of wood, rusty nails, rose thorns or scratch, scrape or bite wounds, and subsequent play in sand or soil. From infection to the outbreak of the disease (incubation period), two days to two weeks, rarely even months can pass.
At the point of entry, the pathogen begins to produce a toxin, also known as tetanospasmin. The toxin inhibits nerve cells and causes uncontrolled convulsions. The clinical picture is characterized by general dullness and convulsions that affect the entire body, beginning in the face and ending with possible death from respiratory paralysis.
Caution. The disease must be treated as early as possible by administration of antitoxin, possibly also antibiotics. If the disease progresses, additional anticonvulsants and sedatives can be given as part of intensive care treatment, as well as intubation and ventilation.
Therapy: After a basic immunization in infancy, later booster vaccinations are necessary.
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