Gallstones, also called biliary calculi, are stone-like formations of solidified bile in the gallbladder, or in the internal as well as external bile ducts of the liver.
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Typical symptoms are nausea, feeling of fullness and pain in the upper abdomen. They are caused by a solution imbalance in the bile, a so-called supersaturated bile. This supersaturation of cholesterol, bilirubin and calcium causes precipitation of the solution. This results in the formation of small crystals, most commonly 98-99% cholesterol. These crystals now form gallstones or gall semolina in the respective color.
The development of gallstones is favored by inflammation, drainage obstruction in the area of the bile ducts, as well as increased cholesterol levels, lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, psychological stress and diabetes mellitus.
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